Output Data

Data outputs from Theia3D or Theia3D Batch when using the Bat Tracking feature are largely the same as the those produced when not using Bat Tracking. The following sections describe the main differences seen for each output type.

The bat object local coordinate system is located at the base of the bat, with its z-axis aligned with the bat's long axis. The pose of the bat is tracked using the base and tip landmarks only, and as such, does not fully model the axial rotation of the bat.

Theia3D Workspaces

Theia3D workspaces are saved based on how the data were processed, and are loaded based on how Theia3D is currently configured.

To save a workspace containing bat tracking data it is necessary for the Track Bat feature to be enabled when Theia3D or Theia3D Batch is launched, prior to processing the data. This will ensure that the data is processed using the bat tracking feature, and the resulting Theia3D workspace(s) will contain bat tracking data.

To load a workspace containing bat tracking data it is also necessary for the Track Bat feature to be enabled when Theia3D is launched.

If the Track Bat feature is not enabled when processing data, the resulting workspace will not contain any bat tracking information, even if a bat is present and visible.

If a Theia3D workspace contains bat tracking data but is loaded using an instance of Theia3D that was launched without the Track Bat feature enabled, the bat tracking data will not be displayed.

C3D Files

C3D files will contain pose information for the bat object, similar to any other body segment, and landmarks for the proximal (base) and distal (tip) ends of the bat.

If these C3D files are opened in Visual3D, the automatic model applied to the Theia-generated pose data will also model and visualize the bat segment.

Note: Visual3D v2025.11.2 or later is required for proper modelling of the bat segment.

FBX Files

FBX files will contain pose information for the bat object, similar to any other body segment. The bat object is represented by its own kinematic chain, which is a child of the object root representing the athlete.

JSON Files

JSON files will contain pose information for the bat object, similar to any other body segment.

The bat_base and bat_tip landmarks are also included in the JSON file output, which describe the relative position of those landmarks relative to the bat segment local coordinate system. The bat segment origin is located at the bat_base position.

Video Overlays

Video overlays can be saved to show the tracking of the athlete with or without the bat object and the bat tip trace. The video overlays will contain any visualizations that are currently displayed in Theia3D. For instance, if the Bat Object and Bat Traces are currently enabled in the Display menu, they will be included in the saved videos.